Everywhere we go, we are surrounded by bacteria, viruses and germs. Some are helpful, like gut bacteria which helps us digest our food, and some become harmful if they enter our body.

In this article, we will look at what the immune system is, what it does and why it’s so important to create healthy habits to keep your immune system functioning at its best.

The main function of your immune system is to detect and fight off to foreign invaders, including bacteria, viruses, parasites, cancer cells, toxins such as bites and stings, and physical damage like burns and wood splinters.

When it’s not in fighting mode, the immune system is helping to heal damaged tissue and maintain overall health of your body.

Where is the immune system in your body?

Your immune system is made from a network of cells, tissues and organs that work in harmony to defend your body against infection and disease.

The main organs of the immune system include:

Skin bacteria and mucous membranes

Harmless bacteria on your skin and many of the mucous membranes act as an initial defence against germs. Mucous membranes can be found in at various tracts and structures of the body, including the mouth, nose, eyelids, stomach and intestines, and bladder. Certain enzymes found in saliva, your airways and tear fluid can kill germs before they can enter your body and cause disease. Stomach acid stops most germs from foods we eat, mucous in your lungs can trap germs, and your bladder helps remove harmful germs and bacteria in urine.

Bone marrow

This is the soft, spongy tissue found in the centre of large bones. It produces white blood cells, also known as immune cells, that help to fight off infections.

Thymus

This is a small organ located in the upper chest which plays a key role in the development of T-cells; a type of white blood cell that helps to fight viral infections and cancer cells.

Lymph nodes

They are small, rounded structures located all over the body, including the neck, armpits, chest, abdomen and groin areas. They help filter out germs and other harmful substances and produce immune cells.

Tonsils

These are clusters of tissue located in the back of the throat, which trap and filter out bacteria and viruses that enter through your nose or mouth, to protect your body from infection.

Spleen

This organ, located in the abdomen, filters blood and removes old or damaged red blood cells and produces immune cells.

Keeping your immune system in fighting shape

Your lifestyle, diet and fitness levels all have a vital impact on how well your immune system can function.

Here several ways to improve and support your immune system to help reduce your risk of getting sick:

Eat a well-balanced diet

A diet rich in fruits, vegetables, whole grains and lean sources of protein can help provide essential vitamins and minerals your body needs to support a healthy immune system.

Regular exercise

Exercise regularly can help improve circulation and promote the production of immune cells in your body. The recommended amount is 30 minutes a day of moderate exercise.

Getting enough sleep

Sleep is important for your body to maintain good general health and help support a healthy immune system. Aim for 7-9 hours of sleep each night.

Manage stress

Constant or severe periods of stress can weaken the immune system, so it's important to find ways to manage stress. Meditation, yoga and deep breathing can be effective relaxation techniques.

Avoid smoking and limit alcohol intake

Smoking and high alcohol consumption can weaken the immune system and increase the risk of illness and disease.

Vaccinations

Keeping up to date with your vaccinations can really give your immune system a helping hand, and this is especially helpful if your are older, pregnant or have any medical conditions that may weaken your body's immune response.

Regular hand washing

Washing your hands frequently with soap and water can remove germs and bacteria from your body and reduce the spread of germs that cause illness.

Socialising

Avoid close contact with people who are sick and stay home when you are ill to prevent spreading germs to others.

Multivitamin and mineral supplements

Consider multivitamin and mineral supplements, such as Vitamin C, D and zinc.

When your body is exposed to sunlight, your body produces vitamin D naturally, which plays an important role in supporting your immune system and helps your body absorb calcium for healthy bones. You can boost you vitamin D levels by taking regular walks or exercise outdoors and through various food sources.

Vitamin C and Zinc are also known to help boost your immune system and can be sourced from various foods in a well-balanced diet.

Speak to your GP if you have any concerns

Whilst these suggestions can help improve your immune system, they are not a guarantee against illness or disease. If you have concerns about your immune system or have a chronic health condition that affects your immune system, please consult a healthcare professional for personalised advice and care.